At present, fruit trees are transitioning from dormancy to the germination stage, and several pests have become active or are about to become active. Among these, the conidia of apple rot disease are currently in their peak transmission phase, and disease spots are expected to expand rapidly. The Japanese aphid nymphs have started moving short distances. As fruit buds begin to germinate, the pathogen responsible for apple powdery mildew is beginning to infect the trees. Meanwhile, larvae of the apple leafroller and the leaf-rolling moth are also becoming more active. Additionally, meadow egg hatching has begun, and hawthorn females are emerging after the flower buds sprout. This situation calls for immediate attention.
To reduce the number of pests and diseases and ease the burden of future control efforts, all counties must take advantage of this period when the resistance of both pests and diseases is still low. At this time, infestations are concentrated, making it an ideal window for effective chemical control. Implementing timely pest management strategies now will significantly improve long-term outcomes.
**I. Agricultural Measures**
Clearing fallen leaves, removing rough bark, and burning or burying them deeply can help reduce the sources of diseases such as brown spot and leaf spot in apples, as well as the golden moth. Pruning helps minimize bacterial sources like powdery mildew, ring disease, anthracnose, and other pests. Scraping old bark can also reduce the sources of apple rot and locust infestations.
**II. Chemical Measures**
1. **Tree Spraying**
When apple tree buds are just starting to green, a full orchard spray with 3–5°Bé sulfur lime (lime sulfur) or 45% lime sulfur crystals diluted 40–60 times is recommended. It can be mixed with insecticides and fungicides. For example, 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000 times combined with 50% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 600 times can be used for a comprehensive spray.
2. **Treating Apple Rot Disease**
If lesions are detected, they should be scraped off immediately. Apply a 1.8% octanoic acid solution diluted 10 times or 3% methyl thiophanate paste directly onto the wound. Then cover the area with yellow mud and plastic film to promote healing.
In areas where conditions permit, spraying 20% syringyl ester suspension before fruit tree germination or applying Phytophthora infestans in May can help test and manage apple rot disease effectively.
3. **Controlling Apple Rust Fungus Source**
In orchards where apple rust was observed last year, especially those near cypress trees, remove teliospores from nearby cypress trees. Apply 15% triazole WP diluted 2000 times or a 3–5°Bé sulfur mixture to prevent spread.
**III. Precautions**
1. Timing is crucial for spring garden cleaning. Spraying too early may not be effective, while spraying too late can cause phytotoxicity.
2. Lime sulfur is an alkaline pesticide. Mixing it with mancozeb, carbendazim, chlorbenzuron, or pyrethroid pesticides may reduce its effectiveness.
3. Lime sulfur should be used immediately after preparation. Prolonged storage reduces efficacy. It is sensitive to sulfur, so caution is needed when using it in peach, plum, apricot, grape, and pear orchards, which are more prone to phytotoxicity.
4. Long-term use of lime sulfur can lead to resistance in pests and diseases. Therefore, it is advisable to combine it with insecticides and fungicides for more effective control.
By implementing these measures now, growers can ensure healthier fruit trees and reduce the need for intensive treatments later in the season.
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