On the China Aluminum Industry Network, it's highlighted that different metals require specific surface treatment methods depending on their hardness and condition. Proper preparation is essential to ensure optimal coating adhesion and durability. 1. **Steel** For unpainted steel surfaces, the most effective cleaning method is solvent or steam cleaning after sandblasting. According to the SSPC standards, solvent cleaning should be done before manual or power tool cleaning and sandblasting. Sandblasting is particularly useful for repairing damaged areas. Water jetting or water blasting are also good options, especially when dry blasting is not feasible. Manual or power tool cleaning works best for small-scale maintenance tasks. 2. **Galvanized Steel** Unpainted galvanized steel requires different cleaning techniques based on its condition. For new, clean galvanized sheets, simple solvent cleaning is usually enough to remove protective oils used during storage. Any temporary protective measures like chromate treatments must be removed using the manufacturer’s recommended method. Epoxy and latex coatings don’t require roughness, as they can bond well to smooth, clean surfaces. However, some workers still prefer chemical treatments like phosphoric acid for better adhesion. 3. **Aluminum and Soft Metals** New and clean aluminum and other soft metals can be effectively cleaned with solvent-based methods. Dust and loose corrosion can be removed with appropriate cleaners. For old paint, gentle blasting with plastic particles is ideal, while coarse sandblasting may damage the soft surface. These surfaces should be properly prepared to enhance adhesion for oil-based or latex paints. 4. **Low Alloy Steel** Low alloy steel typically doesn't require a coating unless there are minor rust spots. In such cases, high or ultra-high pressure water jets are necessary. To achieve the required surface roughness, sandblasting with appropriate particles is often used. The standard coating system for steel structures is generally applied. For **stainless steel**, the main goal of coating is aesthetics. To ensure proper adhesion of the primer, sufficient surface roughness is needed, usually achieved with hard non-ferrous blasting media like alumina, garnet, or corundum. **Concrete and Brick Surfaces** Before painting or coating, concrete structures must be strong and free from defects. Surface preparation should follow the guidelines in SSPC-SP13/NACE 6, which outlines detailed procedures for concrete surface coating. Before cleaning, any surface imperfections should be repaired. Loose contaminants can be removed with low-pressure water washing or steam (ASTM D 4258). Tightly adhered materials like old paint should be cleaned using high-pressure water (ASTM D 4259). Sandblasting (ASTM D 4259 and D 4261) or acid etching (ASTM D 4260) can also be used to achieve cleanliness and proper roughness. Avoid high-pressure water or sandblasting if the surface contains grease—detergent or steam should be used first. Solvent cleaning alone cannot fully penetrate into concrete. For non-aqueous coatings, the surface must be completely dry. The plastic covering method (ASTM D 4263) is commonly used to check moisture levels in the building.
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