(1) Overload Protection Device.
It is essential to verify that the overload protection system is both sensitive and reliable, meeting all design specifications. This includes checking the opening pressure of hydraulic overload devices and ensuring that mechanical, electronic, or integrated overload protectors can accurately trigger alarms and cut off the power source when the set threshold is exceeded. These systems must be tested regularly to ensure they function correctly under various load conditions.
(2) Torque Limiter.
The torque limiter plays a critical role in preventing overloading on boom-type cranes. To assess its performance, methods such as amplification testing or weight increment tests can be used. It's important to confirm that the alarm and power cutoff functions operate within the specified error range, ensuring safe operation during lifting tasks.
(3) Limit Position Limiter.
This device ensures that the crane’s mechanisms stop at the correct positions. Testing should include verifying whether the luffing mechanism, hoisting mechanism, and running mechanism can reach the designated positions, trigger an alarm, and automatically cut off power in dangerous directions. This prevents collisions and other hazardous situations.
(4) Windproof Device.
For cranes with a boom root height exceeding 50 meters, the anemometer must be checked to ensure it provides accurate wind speed readings and triggers alarms when the set point or working limit is reached. Cranes operating on open tracks should also inspect rail clamps, iron shoes, and anchoring systems for damage or wear. The reliability of automatic rail clamps and the functionality of windproof systems and braking mechanisms in non-anchored states should be evaluated to prevent accidents due to sudden gusts.
(5) Anti-Rollover Device.
On boom luffing and boom-type cranes, the anti-rollover device must be inspected for reliability. This involves checking the sensitivity of electrical interlocks and ensuring that the luffing position and radius indicators provide accurate readings, helping to maintain stability during operations.
(6) Buffer.
Buffers are crucial for absorbing impact during crane movement. Different types of cranes have varying speeds, so it's necessary to check that the installed buffers are appropriate and in good condition. They should be able to make contact with the stops at both ends of their travel range, ensuring smooth and safe operation.
(7) Protective Devices.
All protective covers, guardrails, and guards on the crane should be inspected for completeness and reliability. Exposed rotating parts like couplings, sprockets, chains, and belts must be properly covered to prevent injuries. Ladders, walkways, and fences should be in place to ensure safe access and prevent personnel from coming into contact with hazardous areas. Additionally, outdoor cranes should have rain covers for their electrical equipment to protect against weather damage.
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