
High-definition cameras are rapidly becoming a key component in modern surveillance systems. As the demand for clearer, more detailed video increases, these devices are naturally moving toward networked solutions. This shift not only enhances the quality of visual data but also introduces new challenges, particularly in terms of bandwidth and transmission efficiency.
HD network cameras rely on advanced compression standards like H.264 Main Profile to deliver high-quality video while managing data usage. For example, a 720P real-time video stream typically requires at least 2 Mbps, while full 1080P resolution can demand 4 Mbps or more. Traditional ADSL connections often fall short of meeting these requirements, especially when multiple high-definition streams are involved. However, with the development of broadband technologies such as Wi-Fi, 3G, and private networks, long-distance data transmission has become much more efficient, helping to overcome many of the limitations faced by early HD surveillance systems.
In large-scale projects like smart city initiatives and financial monitoring, fiber-optic or local area networks are commonly used to support gigabit-speed connections. With such bandwidth, even multiple 1080P HD cameras can operate without overwhelming the network. A single 1080P camera using 4 Mbps per channel would use less than half of the total capacity in a 1 Gbps network. If 720P is used instead, the bandwidth requirement is cut in half, making it even more practical for widespread deployment.
When it comes to wireless transmission, 3G technology has played a significant role in advancing mobile internet access. It has enabled services like video calls and mobile gaming. However, its application in security video surveillance remains limited due to slow network expansion and expensive data plans. For high-definition video, 3G still lacks the reliability and speed needed. The arrival of 4G, particularly TD-LTE, marks a major step forward in enabling stable, high-quality wireless video surveillance.
TD-LTE represents a crucial evolution from TD-SCDMA, offering improved performance and broader international support. It supports peak uplink speeds of 50 Mbps and downlink speeds of 100 Mbps, significantly outperforming current 3G networks. Its higher spectrum efficiency—3 to 4 times better than existing systems—makes it ideal for future high-bandwidth applications. LTE is also attracting participation from various industry players, reinforcing its role as a key standard for 4G networks.
At the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, China Mobile deployed a TD-LTE demonstration network covering 5.28 square kilometers. The network included 17 outdoor stations and provided indoor coverage for nine venues across Pudong and Puxi. Services such as mobile HD conferencing, video surveillance, and on-demand streaming were made available to the public, demonstrating the potential of 4G technology in real-world scenarios. These efforts highlight the growing importance of high-definition wireless surveillance in shaping the future of smart cities and public safety.
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