With the growing diversity in the photovoltaic (PV) module market and the continuous advancement of technology, the application of PV modules has expanded into various industries. This increasing demand necessitates that PV modules adapt to different market requirements. However, when there is a mismatch between the power and voltage needed by the market, cutting the cells becomes unavoidable.
Currently, lasers are commonly used for cell cutting. However, the intensity and density of the laser can vary, leading to different levels of damage to the cells. In extreme cases, excessive leakage current or extensive damage may occur, which can affect the performance and reliability of the solar cells.
This paper presents an experimental study on adjusting different laser intensities and densities to evaluate their impact on the cutting process of solar cells. The goal is to find an optimal balance between precision and minimal damage during the cutting process.
Laser cutting is one of the most widely used techniques in laser processing. It works by focusing the laser beam onto the material, causing a rapid temperature rise that leads to melting or vaporization. As the laser moves relative to the material, a slit is formed, achieving precise cutting.
In the field of laser processing, laser cutting occupies a significant share—currently over 70% of all laser-based applications. Its use in the photovoltaic industry is also expanding rapidly. Compared to traditional cutting methods, laser cutting offers several advantages:
1. High precision, with narrow cuts and smooth surfaces, resulting in minimal heat-affected zones.
2. Fast cutting speed and high efficiency in production.
3. Non-contact cutting, eliminating mechanical stress, deformation, and pollution from debris, oil, or noise, making it an environmentally friendly option.
4. Versatile cutting capability, as it can be applied to a wide range of materials.
Despite these benefits, laser cutting of solar cells does have some drawbacks. For example:
1. The laser can cause damage to the crystal structure of the cell, potentially leading to cracks or microfractures.
2. If the crystal structure is compromised, the resulting solar modules may suffer from potential-induced degradation (PID) during operation, reducing their lifespan and efficiency.
This article primarily focuses on experimental analysis to assess the effects of laser intensity and density on the quality and integrity of solar cells during the cutting process. The findings aim to contribute to the development of more efficient and less damaging laser cutting techniques for photovoltaic applications.
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