1. In the designation of alloy tool steels, if the average carbon content is 1.0% or higher, it is not specified in the grade. However, when the average carbon content is below 1.0%, it is indicated in parts per thousand. For example, grades like Cr12, CrWMn, 9SiCr, and 3Cr2W8V follow this rule.
2. The way to express the alloying elements in tool steel is similar to that of alloy structural steel. However, for low-chromium tool steels, the chromium content is also expressed in parts per thousand, with a "0" added before the number to distinguish it from general element percentages. For instance, Cr06 indicates a low chromium content.
3. High-speed tool steels typically do not specify the carbon content in their grade. Instead, they indicate the average percentage of other alloying elements. An example is W18Cr4V, which represents a tungsten-based high-speed steel. A letter "C" may be added at the end to denote a higher carbon content compared to the standard version without the "C".
Understanding these rules helps in accurately interpreting the composition and properties of different types of tool steels. Whether you're working with cold work, hot work, or high-speed steels, knowing how the grades are structured can greatly assist in material selection and application. This system ensures clarity and consistency across various industries where precision and performance are essential.
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