Feed processing is closely related to animal nutrition. Quality products require scientific formula design and processing together.
Feed pulverization has a significant impact on the digestibility of the feed and the performance of the animal, and also has an important impact on the processing of the feed and the quality of the product. The suitable pulverization particle size can significantly improve the conversion rate of feed, reduce the excretion of animal feces, improve the production performance of animals, and facilitate the mixing, quenching, granulating and puffing of feed.
The optimum pulverization particle size of the feed refers to the geometric average particle size of the animal that has the maximum utilization of the feed, the best production performance, and does not affect the animal health and economy. Appropriate feed particle size can increase the chance of digestive enzymes or microbial action in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal, improve the digestion and utilization rate of the feed, reduce the loss of nutrients and the excretion of animal feces and environmental pollution; Uniform texture, effectively prevent uneven mixing of powdered ingredients; can improve feed preparation and ripening, improve granulation and extrusion; facilitate animal feeding, reduce feed waste, and facilitate storage and transportation. The poor granulating size of the raw materials in the diet can lead to insufficient intake of nutrients in the pigs leading to nutritional metabolic diseases.
Pig pig
Foreign researchers compared the effects of crushing average barley 634 and 767 micron barley and 623 micron sorghum pigs. The results showed that fine barley increased 5% in daily gain compared to coarse barley. Domestically, the use of shredder sieves for the processing of suckling pigs is generally 1.5 to 2.0 mm, and the average particle size is about 0.7 to 1.0 mm, which can be further reduced. Studies have shown that the same formula of the pig feed, when the corn and soybean meal are crushed, the crusher sieves with diameters of 4.5, 3 and 2.5 mm are respectively crushed to make three full-price pellet feeds for feeding 23 kg. Binary and ternary pigs of weight (with local pig pedigree) were compared. The results showed that the compound feed which was firstly pulverized with a diameter of 3 mm was used, and under the same conditions, the test group was increased by 10.1% compared with the test group with 4.5 mm sieve hole, which was 9.6% higher than that of the control group with 2.5 mm sieve hole; The apparent protein digestibility of the test group with a 3.0 mm diameter sieve was 8.1% and 7.9%, respectively, compared to the 4.5 and 2.5 mm mesh groups. The results of this test are slightly different from those of foreign trials. The foreign test pigs have a feed size of 600 microns or less, while Wang Weiguo et al. test a particle size of 1500 microns (approximately 3 mm of the mesh). Reasons for the difference: mainly due to the different varieties of the test pigs, the pig resistance of the domestically tested pigs is stronger than that of the foreign varieties. In the domestic book "Combined Feed Encyclopedia", the crushing size of the pig feed is required to be 1.00 mm or less.
Based on domestic and international data, it is recommended that the crushed size of corn and soybean meal should be 0.6-1.0 mm, not more than 1.5 mm (see pig type). The mesh diameter is greater than the product pulverization geometric mean particle size, which is approximately 2:1 when roughly controlled.
Growing fattening pig
Studies have shown that within a certain particle size range, as the grain size of the grain is appropriately reduced, the conversion rate or weight gain efficiency of the feed is improved. Feeding pigs with corn having a particle size ranging from 1200 to 400 microns reduced the average particle size by 100 microns and provided a weight gain ratio of 1.3%. Considering that the particle size is too small, it will cause gastrointestinal damage in pigs. It is recommended that the optimum granulation size of the grain is 500-600 microns. Some people in China also advocate 1 mm.
Based on the above information, it is recommended that the pulverization size of corn and soybean meal should be 500-600 microns, not more than 1000 microns (considering pig factors).
Sow
Moderate fine comminution of the grain in the diet can also improve the growth performance of the sow. In one study by the researchers, 100 sows were smashed into four sizes (1200, 900, 600, 400 microns) of comminuted corn, and the results showed that the grain size was reduced. Both dry matter digestibility and nitrogen digestibility were improved, digestion energy increased by about 14%, litter weight gain increased by 11%, and fecal dry matter removed by 21%, and nitrogen emissions decreased by 30%.
To this end, it is recommended that the optimum grain size of the grain in the sow feed is 500-600 microns and does not exceed 1000 microns.
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