Dahlia cultivation requires careful attention to environmental conditions and proper care throughout the growing season. The stems of dahlias are delicate and prone to damage from wind and excessive moisture. Therefore, it is essential to choose a planting location that is well-drained, sunny, and sheltered from strong winds. For optimal growth, plant them in rows spaced approximately 1 meter apart, with dwarf varieties placed 40–50 cm apart. To prevent breakage, especially during windy periods, it's recommended to install supports or stakes around the plants.
Watering should be done carefully, following the principle of "dry and then re-water." During hot and cloudy summer days, if sudden blooming occurs, it's beneficial to mist the ground and foliage with clean water to cool the plants down. This helps avoid leaf burn and yellowing. In dry weather, water daily and consider additional misting to maintain humidity around the plants. After the buds appear, apply liquid fertilizer every 10 days until the flower buds begin to open. Before the first frost, cut back the stems to about 10–15 cm above the ground, remove the leaves, dig up the roots, let them dry for one or two days, and store them in a dry sand-filled room at around 5°C.
For potted dahlias, using wide, shallow containers with large drainage holes is ideal. A layer of broken pottery should be placed at the bottom to improve drainage. The potting mix should include at least half sand for good aeration and drainage. When repotting, make sure to add sufficient base fertilizer to provide essential nutrients. Cut flowers are often grown in the same area as regular dahlia plants, with spacing between 50–100 cm. During the growing season, apply liquid fertilizer every two weeks, and keep the top growth to encourage bushier plants.
Propagation is commonly done through cuttings, typically in September or October. Here are some key steps for successful cultivation:
1. Transplanting: It’s best to do this in mid-October, placing 1–2 plants per pot. After transplanting, spray a new high-fat film on the surface to promote rapid growth.
2. Pruning: Once seedlings reach 10–12 cm in height, pinch back the top to encourage branching. Aim for 6–8 branches per pot. The final pruning should occur 40–50 days before the Spring Festival to control flowering time.
3. Watering: Water 2–3 times a day, but reduce watering before the flowering stage to prevent overwatering.
4. Fertilizing: Use nitrogen-rich fertilizer in the early stages and switch to phosphorus and potassium-based fertilizers later. Apply inorganic fertilizer every 10 days and organic fertilizer once a month.
5. Pest Control: Regularly spray to protect against pests and ensure healthy growth.
6. Staking: After the last pruning, start staking the branches. Remove excess side shoots to improve air circulation.
7. Bud Removal: When flower buds are the size of peanuts, leave 2 buds per branch and remove the rest. Spraying a bud enhancer will help produce larger, more vibrant blooms and extend the flowering period.
8. Final Selection: When the buds turn red, only allow one bud to develop per stem for the most beautiful and lasting flowers.
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