Dahlia cultivation requires careful attention to environmental conditions and proper care throughout the growing season. The stems of dahlias are tender and vulnerable, so it's important to plant them in a well-drained, sunny, and sheltered location. For optimal growth, use raised beds or mounds, with row spacing around 1 meter for tall varieties and 40-50 cm for dwarf types. To prevent stem breakage from wind, install supports such as stakes or trellises.
Watering should follow a "dry and re-water" approach, avoiding overwatering, especially during rainy periods. If sudden summer blooms occur after prolonged cloudy weather, mist the plants with clean water to cool them down and avoid leaf burn. During dry spells, water daily and mist the foliage to maintain humidity. Apply liquid fertilizer every 10 days once buds appear, continuing until the flower buds open. Before the first frost, cut back the stems to 10-15 cm above the ground, dig up the roots, allow them to dry for 1-2 days, and store them in a dry sand-filled container at around 5°C.
For potted dahlias, use shallow containers with large drainage holes. Place a layer of broken tiles at the bottom for drainage and mix half sand into the soil to ensure good aeration. When repotting, add sufficient base fertilizer to support healthy growth. Cut flowers can be produced by planting dahlia in the same area, with spacing between plants ranging from 50 cm to 1 meter. During the growing season, apply liquid fertilizer every two weeks and keep the top growth intact for better flowering.
Propagation is commonly done through cuttings, typically in September or October. Here are some key steps for successful cultivation:
1. Potting is usually done in mid-October, placing 1-2 plants per pot. After potting, spray the surface with a new high-fat film to promote rapid growth.
2. Once seedlings reach 10-12 cm in height, pinch off the top to encourage branching, aiming for 6-8 branches per pot. The final pinching should occur 40-50 days before the Spring Festival to control blooming time.
3. Water 2-3 times a day, but reduce watering before flowering to avoid excessive growth.
4. Fertilize with nitrogen-rich fertilizer early in the season and switch to phosphorus and potassium-based fertilizers later. Apply inorganic fertilizer every 10 days and organic fertilizer monthly.
5. Regularly spray the plants to prevent pests and diseases.
6. After the last harvest, start tying the branches with bamboo poles and remove excess side shoots to improve air circulation.
7. When flower buds grow to the size of peanuts, leave 2 buds per branch and remove the rest. Spray with flower enhancer to improve petal size and color, extending the bloom period.
8. When the buds turn red, select one bud per branch to allow for the best-quality bloom.
By following these detailed guidelines, you can enjoy beautiful, long-lasting dahlias in your garden or home.
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