At present, planting, breeding and transplanting of early rice in the south are beginning to take place. In most parts of the south, there are few sunshine and less precipitation, which is beneficial to the early rice planting, but the local sunshine is less, the temperature is lower, and the planting schedule is delayed. According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory, precipitation in Jiangnan and South China will be less than in early April. In response to the current climate and production characteristics, the Rice Experts Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, put forward the technical opinions on southern rice transplanting and field management.
Scientific selection of varieties, timely sowing
As the weather gradually warms up, all localities must grab the farm time and speed up the spring spring tube. According to the ecological conditions and transplanting methods, the early rice varieties with high quality, high yield, strong resistance and wide adaptability are selected. Before planting, do a good job of seeding, seed selection, soaking, disinfection, and germination to prevent the occurrence of disease. Where conditions permit, the use of factory-based, large (middle) sheds for centralized breeding is advocated. When the average temperature of the day stabilizes through 12 °C, avoid the rainy weather, grab the "cold tail warm head" and rush to sow. The early rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was planted before the Qingming period, and the early rice in South China seized the favorable weather in the near future to speed up the progress of seedling transplanting. The live field should pay close attention to the weather changes and do a good job of planting to prevent dead seedlings and rotten cockroaches.
Strengthening the Management of Putian to Improve the Quality of Seedlings
There are various types of early paddy fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and there are differences in ages of growing or growing. According to the local seedling growth situation and planting mouthwash, we should strengthen the classification management of Putian to ensure that the fields are strong. In the case of heat preservation and breeding, it is necessary to uncover the film at the same time to prevent disease; if there is continuous high temperature (35 °C in the film), the film should be ventilated to prevent high temperature burning; in case of continuous rain and sudden turn to sunny weather, avoid sudden uncovering Membrane, blind application of urea and other quick-acting fertilizers, should first ventilate the seedlings and then uncover the film, the trampoline should be sprayed or watered. 1 leaf 1 heart period moderate temperature moisturizing strong seedlings, anti-a long, pay attention to prevent the occurrence of cotton rot, blight; 2 leaves 1 heart period ventilation refining, fattening and promoting sputum, cultivating strong sputum; 3 leaves 1 heart period practice The day of the night cover. 5-7 days before transplanting, use 1%~2% urea solution to smear the “growth of marrying fertilizerâ€. Apply water or water once after application or apply body fertilizer 3~5 days before transplanting. Generally, apply 4~5 kg of mu Urea. For the seedlings with weak growth, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to maintain water balance and promote recovery. In the middle of April, the southern part of the country is prone to "cold spring" weather. It is necessary to adjust the temperature and spray the fungicide in time to maintain the field temperature and prevent rotten dead seedlings.
Do a good job of classifying and ensuring timely planting
When the average daily temperature stabilized at 15 °C, the transplanting was carried out in the south of China, and the transplanting was completed before and after the Qingming period. Before the transplanting, the farmland was sprayed with marrying herbs, and the greening medicine was sprayed 5-7 days after transplanting. And southern black strip dwarf disease. It is necessary to improve the quality of ploughing and fielding before transplanting. Before transplanting, the field should be solid, so that it should be inserted early in time, and should be shallowly inserted and properly densified; the age of the cockroach is generally about 20 days, and the transplanting machine of 25 cm line spacing should be used. Insert more than 20,000 points to avoid prolonged seedling period caused by excessive age. Hand insertion or throwing of the field should ensure the planting density and increase the uniformity; the age is generally 25~30 days, the high-yielding field is planted with 2~2.5 million holes, the hybrid rice is 2~3 seedlings per hole, and the conventional rice is used every hole. 5~6 seedlings, the basic seedlings of mu reached 5~60,000 and 10~120,000 respectively. The three-cropped field should increase the planting density, the age of the seedlings should not exceed 35 days, and the acre planting should be more than 25,000 points. The direct seeding rice fields should strengthen the field management according to the seeding and emergence conditions.
Strengthen post-plant management to promote early birth fast
Applying good tillers to the early rice in the south China rice area should be timely topdressed, and the first time to promote the manure fertilizer should be applied to the strong manure and promote early and long-term rapid development. After transplanting early rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water to promote early development. The base fertilizer is applied with 5-6 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and 5~7 days after planting, the fertilizer is applied, and 4-5 kg ​​of urea is applied per mu.
Strengthen water management to achieve thin water transplanting, shallow water back to green, moist and promote sputum. When transplanting, the field is filled with 1.5~2 cm of water, and the shallow water layer is kept 3~4 cm after insertion. Throwing the hoe and inserting the field into the field, leaving no water layer during transplanting, and refilling the shallow water layer of 1.5~2 cm after the seedling.
Timely drying field control seedlings For the machine seedlings and planting fields with more basic seedlings, it is necessary to prematurely control the seedlings on the early stage, promote the development of large ears, increase the rate of stems and shoots, and construct a high-yield and stable yield group.
Do a good job in pest prevention and control, pay close attention to the occurrence of pests and diseases, focus on the prevention and control of migratory pests such as rice planthoppers and rice leaf roller, and promote green prevention and control.
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