With the development of animal husbandry, silage corn cultivation has become an important way to feed beef cattle and dairy cows in the Qiongong District and the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. In order to improve the yield of silage corn, we will introduce the cultivation technology of silage corn.
Preparation for sowing
1.1 Choosing the land
The root system of maize is developed and adaptable. Its requirements for soil types are not strict. However, corn plants are tall and have many roots. They need to absorb a lot of water and nutrients from the soil. Therefore, we generally choose a flat soil layer. Deep, loose texture, good permeability, medium fertility, water retention, and good fertility plots can achieve higher yields.
1.2 filling the water
My flag is spring irrigation, requiring uniform irrigation and consistent penetration.
1.3 Finishing the land and applying enough base fertilizer
Before the sowing, it is necessary to timely protect the land and master the proper sowing date. The quality of the land preparation should be strictly in accordance with the six-character standard of “Qiping Crushing and Net Pineâ€. The surface should be leveled, the soil should be finely broken, the soil should be loose, the lyrx is suitable, and there is no residue or straw. Weeds, no excessive clods, thick dry soil. The role of base fertilizer is mainly to fertilize soil fertility, improve soil physical properties, loose soil, facilitate microbial activities, timely supply seedling nutrients, promote root development, and create good environmental conditions for cultivating strong seedlings. Apply 3-5 tons of high-quality farmyard manure and no less than 15kg of Phosphate Fertilizer and 25kg of urea as base fertilizer per 667m2.
1.4 selection of good varieties
The good varieties are selected. Now the corn seeds we plant are all hybrid seeds. The popular saying is that one year (cannot keep seeds), mainly using its heterosis to improve the yield, quality and disease resistance of corn. And resistance. For the hybrids of the field classification class 2 or above, the hybridization rate must be greater than 95%, and the coated seeds should be used as much as possible. Before seeding, the seeds should be re-selected, and the selected seeds should be germinated. Generally, the germination rate should be above 95%. Do not choose the next year, mainly the low germination.
1.5 suitable sowing
Appropriately increase the planting density, and pre-sown according to the weather conditions. When the soil temperature of 10cm is stable above 10-12 °C, seeding starts.
2. The test adjustment of the machine
We used a film seeder for seeding and conducted a pilot adjustment before sowing.
2.1 Adjustment of broadcast volume
Check and adjust the sowing depth, the number of granules, the plant spacing, etc., and require a depth of 5cm. Each hole should be no less than 3 seeds, the plant spacing is 2.4cm, the film spacing is 45cm, and the spacing is 70cm. If the requirements are not met, adjustments should be made. The adjustment of the broadcast volume is very troublesome, but it is also worthwhile to ensure the quality of the seeding. In the trial broadcast, it is necessary to check the seeding amount several times, continuously excavate 10 points, calculate the average number of cells, especially to check for cavitation.
2.2 Adjustment of fertilization amount
Generally, 25kg per 667m2, the working length of the outer trough can be adjusted to change the amount of fertilization. The fertilizer amount of the two fertilizer cups should be consistent. After adjusting, tighten the screw to fix the position of the trough. It should be noted that the distance between the fertilizer and the seed is kept at 3-4 cm.
2.3 Adjustment of soil-covered discs and moldboards
The earth-covering disc and the adjustment of the moldboard are combined to achieve satisfactory soil thickness, overburden width and maximum daylighting surface. The thickness of the covering soil is required to be 10-20 cm, the width of the covering soil is 50-70 cm, and the width of the collecting surface is 30-50 cm. It is worth noting that the speed of work and the degree of soil softness have a great influence on the suburban fruit of the soil. This requires the driver to have rich experience. At the same time, if the land is changed or the speed of the operation is changed, the patient must be patiently adjusted again.
2.4 adjustment of the suppression wheel
By suppressing, seeds and soil can be compacted, which is beneficial to seed germination. The requirement for adjustment is to have a certain pressure, and not to cause the film to break due to too much pressure.
2.5 Bulldozer adjustment
The purpose is to push the dry clods to both sides of the membrane ditch, so that the seeds are spread onto the wet soil, and the satisfactory effect can be achieved by adjusting the length of the boom and the front end of the telescopic tube on both sides of the bulldozer.
2.6 mulch installation and adjustment
The installation requirements for the mulch film are that the film must be centered and must not be offset. According to the change of temperature, the film with different resistance is used to achieve both continuous film and film.
2.7 planter maintenance
In the sowing process, the planter should be maintained in time. Any part of the rotating part should be filled with lubricating oil every day. Check the work of each part of the seeding wheel at any time, check the debris in the seed box and the fertilizer box to avoid blockage. Hole.
2.8 Safety Precautions
When the tractor is planting work, it must follow the instructions of the follow-up personnel, and it is not allowed to reverse the vehicle during the operation. The crew members are not allowed to jump up and down during the operation. The clothing should be tight. The lesbian long hair should be placed in the work cap. The operation should not be close to the rotating parts. When the driver encounters an abnormal situation such as a call, he should immediately stop and find out. the reason. After the end of planting, it is necessary to do a good job of seedling, seedling, cultivating and weeding, topdressing, watering, pest control, etc. according to the situation of emergence and growth.
3. Field management
The main target is to promote leaf stalks, hydrate, fertilizer, and prevent pests and diseases.
3.1 Miao: When the corn leaves reach 3-4 leaves, the seedlings should be taken out and the weak seedlings should be removed.
3.2 Fixed seedlings: When 4-6 pieces of visible leaves are reached, the seedlings should be fixed in time, and the seedlings should be kept at a distance of 20-30 cm to achieve "four to four stays", that is, to weaken and stay strong, to stay in small, to stay sick and stay healthy. , to stay mixed and pure. Insufficient seedlings should be replenished in time.
3.3 cultivating. Combine topdressing, cultivating weeding and cultivating soil at 6-7 leaves. Generally, 2-3 times of cultivating and removing impurities are carried out after the seedlings are fixed.
3.4 Topdressing is divided into seedling fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and ear fertilizer.
3.4.1 Miao fertilizer: Generally, it is mixed with human and animal excrement 15000-25000 kg/hm2 and urea 75-90 kg/hm2. Should be done in small seedlings, 5-6cm from the seedlings; deep seedlings, about 17-20cm away from the seedlings.
3.4.2 Jointing fertilizer: 6 pieces of fully-expanded leaves begin to be jointed, with human and animal excrement 15000 -25000 kg / hm2, urea 200 -300 kg / hm2, digging deep into the plant 10-17cm, while shallow cultivating clay cover nest.
3.4.3 Spike fertilizer: Before the corn tassel is extracted, it is mixed with human and animal excrement 15000 - 25000 kg / hm2, urea 300 kg / hm2.
3.5 Irrigation in arid areas depends on timely irrigation.
4. Pest control
Pest control should be based on prevention and monitoring should be strengthened. Take immediate action to control it once it happens. It is mainly the control of tigers, armyworms and corn borers. The tigers in the control zone can be sown in the corn field with 50% Bataan WP powder and stir-fried rice bran or wheat bran (1:50); the armyworm can be made into toxic soil with 2.5 kg of fine enemy powder and 15 kg of fine soil. Spread corn kernels; corn mash with 500% insecticidal double agent 500 times, 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable oil 800 times, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, these liquids are perfused with heart water per plant 10 ml Or corn tassels.
5. Harvest: The main target is timely harvesting, with the harvest, with the transport, with the storage to ensure production.
5.1 Harvest period: The optimum harvesting period for silage corn is from the end of maturity of corn kernels to the early stage of waxing, and the harvest can obtain the best value of yield and nutritive value.
5.2 Harvesting method: When harvesting, choose sunny weather and avoid rainy harvest to avoid affecting the quality of silage due to excessive rain. Once the silage corn is harvested, silage should be completed in a short period of time, and the delay should not be too long to avoid losses caused by rainfall or fermentation. In areas with short growth periods, harvesting must also be completed before frost reduction to prevent the leaves from being yellow after frost and affecting the quality of silage.
6. Economic benefits
With the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure and the development of the dairy industry, silage corn has been widely planted in our flag and has achieved good returns. According to the climate and soil conditions of our flag, we have selected hybrid seeds, which have the characteristics of high combining ability, good light transmission, long growing period, good adaptability, lodging resistance, drought resistance, pest resistance and so on. The climatic conditions. The combination of agronomic and agricultural machinery technology, good seed good supporting technology, has the advantages of high operating efficiency, good film quality and saving operating costs. The effect of the film coating technology, first of all, increase the soil temperature and promote the replacement of the variety. Corn full-film cultivation technology can significantly increase soil temperature and promote early maturity of maize. The mature stage of maize is generally 10-15 days earlier, which is conducive to planting high-yielding species with relatively long growth period and expanding the yield potential of maize. Secondly, improve soil moisture and ensure timely release of corn and seedlings, Miaoqi, Miaoyun and Miaozhuang. Corn mulching cultivation technology reduces the evaporation of soil moisture, especially the increase of soil water content in 10-15 cm. Again, it enhances the ability of corn to resist drought and cold damage. The corn mulching cultivation technology is robust, with advanced growth and development, wide leaves, thick green leaves and developed roots. Fourth, the effect of increasing production is extremely obvious. About 20% increase in production.
Generally, under moderate soil fertility conditions, silage corn can produce fresh straw 6-10t per 667m2. By planting 1000-1333 m2 of silage corn, the silage supply of a high-yielding dairy cow can be solved throughout the year. Feeding cows with silage corn feed can increase the production of fresh milk by more than 500kg during a milking period, and can also save 20% of concentrate.
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