Wheat production relies heavily on proper fertilization, which is essential for achieving high and stable yields. To ensure optimal growth, it's crucial to provide wheat with the right balance of nutrients, including macronutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), as well as micronutrients and beneficial microorganisms. A comprehensive and balanced fertilization strategy not only boosts yield but also improves soil health and long-term productivity.
First, the application of NPK fertilizer plays a fundamental role in wheat cultivation. For yields exceeding 1000 kg per mu, the base fertilizer should include approximately 4-5 kg of pure nitrogen (equivalent to 10 kg of urea), 7-9 kg of pure phosphorus (about 50 kg of ordinary phosphate fertilizer), and 3-4 kg of potassium (around 6 kg of potassium chloride). Alternatively, compound fertilizers can be used at a rate of 50-60 kg per mu. The general principle of fertilization involves applying base fertilizer, returning green matter, controlling top-dressing, and applying joint fertilizer. Most of the nitrogen should be applied at the time of base fertilizer, with only one-third of the total nitrogen reserved for later stages.
Second, trace elements such as boron and zinc are often lacking in wheat fields, especially in Hebei Province. Boron helps prevent empty grains and enhances grain filling, while zinc strengthens the straw walls, reduces yellow dwarf disease, and prevents lodging. To address this, it's recommended to add boron and zinc fertilizers to the base fertilizer. Options include 200 grams of high-quality borosilicate from the American Borax Group or 150 grams of Ciba Boron and Zinc fertilizer from Switzerland. These can be mixed directly into the compound fertilizer and spread evenly across the field. This practice can significantly increase wheat yield by over 100 kg per mu.
Third, microbial agents are essential for maintaining healthy soil and reducing disease risks. Continuous planting can lead to soil compaction and an increase in harmful bacteria, causing diseases like total erosion, sheath blight, and root rot, which greatly reduce yields. To combat this, it's advisable to apply 150 grams of microbial agents per mu or 4 kg of Jiayuan heavy-duty agent. These biological inputs help improve soil structure, suppress pathogens, and ultimately support higher wheat yields.
By integrating these practices—careful NPK application, supplementation of trace elements, and use of microbial agents—farmers can achieve more sustainable and productive wheat farming. Proper fertilization is not just about quantity, but about balance, timing, and understanding the specific needs of the crop and soil. With attention to detail and scientific methods, farmers can maximize their harvests and ensure long-term agricultural success.
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