The entire growth and development process of corn can be divided into several key stages, including the seedling stage, jointing stage, booting stage, and maturity stage. Among these, the management during the jointing and booting stages plays a crucial role in determining the final yield. The main objective during this period is to balance vegetative growth with reproductive growth, manage plant height and leaf length effectively, and promote strong ear development and increased grain production. Here are some important technical measures to follow:
First, during the jointing and booting stages, which is also known as the "big trumpet stage," corn plants are highly sensitive to water availability. A significant amount of water is required at this time. If the soil moisture drops below 70% relative water content, it's essential to irrigate promptly to avoid drought stress, which can lead to premature leaf senescence, reduced photosynthesis, and lower grain weight. In case of heavy rainfall, proper drainage should be ensured, especially during the grain-filling phase, to prevent waterlogging and crop damage.
Second, applying a dwarfing agent can help control excessive plant growth and reduce plant height. This should be done when the corn has developed between 9 to 12 leaves. Proper use of such agents can improve plant structure, enhance resistance to lodging, and optimize resource allocation for better yield potential.
Third, it is recommended to apply panicle fertilizer during the jointing to the end of the booting stage, ideally around the 10th to 12th leaf stage (also called the big trumpet stage). This helps support ear development and floret differentiation, leading to more grains and higher productivity. A typical application rate is about 25–30 kg of urea per mu, focusing on nitrogen-rich fertilizers to meet the plant’s nutritional needs.
Fourth, field cultivation and weeding are essential. Cultivating the soil between rows to a depth of about 10 cm allows for efficient fertilizer application and better root development. It's also important to mound the soil around the base of the corn plants to form a ridge of approximately 20 cm, which helps prevent wind and rain from causing the plants to fall over.
Fifth, timely removal of weeds and suckers is necessary to minimize competition for nutrients and water, ensuring that the corn plant can focus its energy on grain production.
Lastly, pest and disease control is critical during the big trumpet stage. To prevent diseases like large and small leaf blight, you can sprinkle a mixture of insecticides or fungicides, such as Bataan powder, mixed with fine soil or ash directly into the center of the corn plants. For fungal diseases, chlorothalonil-based sprays can be applied every 2–3 days for 7 consecutive days to ensure effective protection.
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