In summer, when temperatures rise above 25°C, chickens tend to eat less, which can lead to reduced nutrient intake and negatively impact egg production and quality. To counter this, it's important to adjust the nutrient concentration in their feed. While some experts suggest lowering energy levels due to decreased metabolic energy needs, others emphasize that maintaining adequate energy intake is crucial for egg production, especially during heat stress. Adding 1.5% cooked soybean oil to feed during hot weather has been shown to significantly boost egg production. It’s also advisable to reduce cereal-based ingredients like corn to around 50–55%, while increasing the overall nutrient density of the feed to support optimal performance.
Additionally, protein levels should be increased by 1–2 percentage points in the summer to meet the higher protein demands of laying hens. This means incorporating more soybean meal or cottonseed cake into the feed, with a minimum of 20–25%. However, animal-based protein sources like fishmeal should be used sparingly to avoid reducing palatability and feed intake.
Feed additives play a key role in managing heat stress. For instance, adding vitamin C (0.1–0.4%) and ammonium chloride (0.2–0.3%) to drinking water can help alleviate stress. Bacitracin at 0.04% supports gut health and improves feed conversion, while fumaric acid (0.1%) enhances feed intake and egg production. Sodium bicarbonate (0.3%) can also be beneficial in high humidity conditions, helping to improve heat resistance and reduce egg breakage.
Mineral balance is another critical factor. Increasing phosphorus content can help relieve heat stress, and calcium levels should be raised to 3.8–4% to support shell formation. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio should be maintained at 4:1, but excessive calcium may affect feed palatability. To ensure sufficient calcium intake without compromising taste, it's recommended to offer it separately so the hens can consume it freely.
Seasoning agents such as sucrose, aminobenzoic acid, and sodium glutamate can enhance feed palatability and stimulate appetite, especially in hot weather. These ingredients should be used safely and effectively to maintain feed quality while encouraging better consumption.
Finally, adjusting feeding times can also make a difference. Feeding more frequently, especially during cooler morning and evening hours, helps maximize feed intake. Scheduling feedings just before lights are turned off ensures that hens have enough time to eat and maintain their energy levels throughout the day.
Wire thread inserts are helically coiled fastening devices that provide permanent, wear-resistant screw threads that exceed the strength of most parent material; the inserts are designed to protect tapped holes against failures due to stripping, seizing, corrosion, and wear.
Threaded inserts are typically used when the object in which a threaded fastener is being installed is made of a soft material. For hard materials, a screw or bolt can be often driven into the object without the need for a threaded insert. A simple solution is to use a threaded insert.
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