Excavators are widely used in construction, mining, and other industries. They can be classified based on several factors such as power source, mobility, transmission system, and purpose.
There are two main types of excavators: those powered by internal combustion engines and electric-driven models. Electric excavators are often used in hazardous environments like high-altitude areas, underground mines, or places where flammable and explosive materials are present.
Depending on how they move, excavators can be either crawler-type or wheeled. Crawler excavators offer better stability and are ideal for rough terrain, while wheeled excavators are more suitable for smooth surfaces and easier to transport between job sites.
Excavators can also be categorized by their transmission system. Hydraulic excavators are the most common type today due to their precision and efficiency, while mechanical excavators are less frequently used but still found in some large-scale mining operations.
In terms of function, excavators are divided into general-purpose, mining, marine, and special-purpose models. Additionally, they can be further classified based on the digging mechanism: front shovel, backhoe, dragline, and clamshell excavators.
The backhoe is the most commonly seen type, known for its ability to dig below the working surface. It operates by moving backward and cutting the soil forcefully. Common excavation methods include trench end, trench side, straight line, and curved excavation, among others.
Front shovel excavators, also known as bucket excavators, operate with a "forward and upward" digging motion. They have strong digging power and are ideal for dry foundation pits over 2 meters deep. These machines are often used in conjunction with dump trucks to efficiently move excavated material.
Dragline excavators, sometimes referred to as shovel excavators, work by pulling the bucket using inertia. They are best suited for digging Class I and II soils below the surface and are particularly effective for deep and large foundation pits or underwater excavation. However, they are not as precise or flexible as other types.
Clamshell excavators, also called grab excavators, use a vertical lifting motion to dig and load materials. They are ideal for soft soil conditions and are often used for digging foundation pits, sinking wells, or dredging waterways. Their design allows them to handle loose materials like gravel, slag, and even ore blocks when equipped with a grid-shaped bucket.
Low porosity clay bricks are made of low aluminum mullite as the main raw material, formed by high pressure molding and high temperature sintering. The main mineral composition is mullite phase, the product has excellent high temperature physical properties and chemical erosion resistance.
Low porosity clay brick stability is good, the degree of erosion does not occur sudden change, than ordinary clay brick life increased by 2 to 3 times. Thermal conductivity, specific heat and solubility, respectively, than ordinary clay bricks 2 times higher than 10% and 40%, heat storage capacity than ordinary clay bricks 50% to 60% higher than the thermal efficiency of the kiln can be improved.
Low porosity clay bricks are characterized by:
1. Low porosity, 13 to 15%;
2. Load softening temperature is high for about 1472 ℃;
3. High compressive strength at room temperature, generally about 100MPa;
4. Good volume stability at high temperature and good abrasion resistance;
5. good resistance to infiltration and erosion.
Low porosity clay brick as a good clay refractory brick products, so often used in chemical erosion, temperature fluctuations in the environment, such as steel, glass, chemical industry. The effect is quite obvious in the use of glass hot room and the use of iron water tank.
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