Activated alumina spheres are typically composed of gamma-alumina (γ-Al₂O₃), which is produced by heating and dehydrating hydrated alumina, such as pseudoboehmite, at high temperatures. In the commercial market, most available alumina exists in the form of hydrated pseudoboehmite, a structure that is particularly important in catalytic applications. Research has shown that the structural characteristics of pseudoboehmite significantly influence the final properties and applications of the product. Different synthesis methods lead to variations in water content, resulting in diverse performance outcomes.
After over 20 years of research, the Shanxi Coal Chemical Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a full-scale industrial production technology with independent intellectual property rights. This technology offers several key advantages: first, it employs a unique synthesis process that ensures stable production. Second, the resulting alumina is primarily used as a catalyst support in petrochemical industries but can also serve as a functional material. Third, the reaction system is versatile—by adjusting raw materials or operational conditions, different types of alumina can be produced, including small-pore, mesoporous, and macroporous varieties. Fourth, a wide range of raw materials can be utilized, such as aluminum hydroxide from bauxite or coal gangue-derived sodium aluminate solutions, aluminum sulfate, and other aluminum compounds. The process can also use inexpensive aluminum salts, sodium aluminate, carbon dioxide, and inorganic acids, making it highly adaptable and cost-effective. Even waste materials like coal gangue can be repurposed as starting materials through alkali or acid leaching to produce sodium aluminate and aluminum salts.
High-performance activated alumina balls offer significant benefits when used in unshaped refractory compositions. They improve density, flowability, mechanical strength, increase the formation of secondary mullite, and reduce water content and porosity. Additionally, activated alumina serves as an effective desiccant, with excellent moisture absorption capacity, fast drying speed, and the ability to regenerate through baking at 400–500 K. It is calcined alumina with a basic composition of α-Al₂O₃, where the primary crystal size is around 1 μm, making up between 20% and 90%. Its chemical formula is Al₂O₃, with a molecular weight of 101.96 and CAS number 1344-28-1.
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