At present, it's a critical time for cotton planting and broadcasting across China. Since the end of March, the national cotton cultivation has officially begun. On March 11th, I had the opportunity to participate in an interview with the Central People’s Broadcasting Station, Voice of China Rural, and Dr. Agriculture Online. The insights from this conversation have now been compiled for reference.
First, what are the main climatic conditions in different regions of China?
China’s cotton-growing areas are typically divided into four main zones: the Yangtze River Basin, the Yellow River Basin, the Northwest Inland, and the Liaohe River Basin. Among these, the Liaohe area is relatively small. Each region experiences distinct spring weather, which significantly affects cotton growth.
In the Yangtze River Basin, spring is characterized by frequent rain, high humidity, and lower temperatures, with limited sunshine. These conditions can lead to issues like seedling rot caused by excessive moisture. Prolonged cold and rainy weather may result in weak seedlings or even plant death.
The Yellow River Basin, on the other hand, tends to be drier during spring, with rising temperatures and more sunlight. However, drought is a major concern here, as the saying goes, “Spring rain is as valuable as oil.†Farmers often need to irrigate before sowing. Cold waves can also occur, causing damage to young plants, and strong winds may lift the mulch, exposing the soil.
In the Northwest Inland, where desert oasis agriculture is common, irrigation is essential for cotton cultivation. Spring brings rapid temperature increases and large day-night temperature differences. However, strong cold waves and windstorms can cause frost damage and disrupt the mulch coverage.
Second, what are the key steps in preparing for cotton cultivation, and how do they differ between regions?
Currently, the preparation phase includes several important steps:
1. **Seed Preparation**: The amount of seeds required depends on planting density and precision. In the Yangtze River Basin, planting is sparse, with about 0.3–0.4 kg per mu. The Yellow River Basin requires 2 kg per mu, while the Northwest uses high-density planting, needing up to 2–3 kg per mu. It's recommended to purchase 10% extra seeds to account for replanting needs. Seed treatment before planting helps improve germination and emergence.
2. **Agricultural Resource Preparation**: This includes fertilizers, mulch, agricultural films, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, and drip irrigation systems.
3. **Equipment Maintenance**: Agricultural machinery, wells, and irrigation channels must be checked and maintained to ensure smooth operations.
4. **Regional Differences**: For example, the Yangtze River Basin focuses on seedling transplanting, using light and simple methods. The Yellow River Basin promotes grass film removal, while the Northwest emphasizes wide film coverage.
Third, how should farmers choose their cotton varieties?
Farmers often say that good seedlings make half the crop. Therefore, selecting high-quality seeds and varieties is crucial. First, choose certified and legally approved varieties. Second, opt for leading varieties promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture, which are known for high yield, stability, and disease resistance. Third, buy from reputable companies to ensure quality and documentation. Coated seeds, which include fungicides and insecticides, help promote healthy seedlings and prevent diseases.
Fourth, how to achieve a full stand of seedlings?
Healthy and vigorous seedlings are vital for successful cotton production. To achieve this, farmers should:
- **Irrigate properly** before sowing, ensuring the soil is moist but not waterlogged.
- **Prepare the field thoroughly**, removing debris and old plastic film.
- **Sow at the right time**, when the soil temperature reaches 12°C and rises quickly.
- **Plant accurately**, following the planned density and depth (typically 2–3 cm).
- **Monitor after sowing**, checking for gaps and protecting against wind and pests.
Fifth, the Ministry of Agriculture has identified seven key technologies to support cotton farming, including light and simple seedling transplanting, slow-release fertilizer application, anti-predation techniques, and drip irrigation under film, each tailored to specific regions.
Overall, careful planning, proper seed selection, and timely field management are essential for a successful cotton season.
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