The steel structure of a portal crane consists of several key components, including the cross door frame, the rotating column, the truss-type herringbone frame, and the rigid tie rod combination arm frame. Among these, the gantry, herringbone frame, rotating column, and boom are the primary load-bearing elements that ensure the stability and functionality of the entire system.
The gantry is a critical part of the crane, as it supports the full weight of the upper rotating section and all external loads. Its design plays a vital role in maintaining the overall stability of the crane while also contributing to its weight reduction. Typically, the gantry accounts for approximately 20% to 30% of the total mass of the crane. To ensure smooth and reliable operation, the gantry must be strong and rigid. There are different types of gantry structures, such as rotating column gantries, large bearing gantries, and fixed column gantries. Depending on the materials used, they can be classified into truss-type, slab beam-type, or box-type gantries.
The herringbone frame is an essential component used to support the boom in a portal crane. It connects various parts of the crane, including the luffing mechanism's push rod, the tie rod of the combined boom, and the counterweight lever. This frame is mounted on the rotating platform, and its design is influenced by the crane’s basic parameters, the type of boom, and the luffing mechanism employed.
The rotating platform and rotating column form another crucial part of the structure. The rotating platform typically consists of two longitudinal main beams and flat plates, which can be shaped into box-sections or I-beams depending on the required strength. The boom and herringbone frame are supported on this platform. In addition, there is a lifting platform and a rotating column, with the boom's lower bearing seats welded to the ends of the platform's main beams.
The rotating column is often designed as a pyramid-shaped, thin-walled box structure, offering high rigidity and low weight. Due to its large cross-sectional dimensions and thin walls, internal reinforcement with transverse and longitudinal ribs is commonly applied to enhance local stability and overall rigidity.
In summary, the steel structure of a portal crane is a complex and well-engineered system, where each component plays a specific role in ensuring the crane's performance, safety, and efficiency. Understanding the function and design of these elements is essential for both engineers and operators who work with such heavy machinery.
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