August to October is a suitable sowing period for southern autumn sowing crops, such as rapeseed, broad beans, green manure, potatoes and a variety of autumn sowing vegetables, which will be broadcast during this period. Experienced farmers know that autumn-sown crops emphasize the application of phosphate fertilizer, which is based on the causal relationship between crops, soil and fertilizer, and is determined by the biological fertilizer effect, chemical fertilizer efficiency and location efficiency of phosphate fertilizer itself. Preferential application of phosphate fertilizer on autumn-sown crops can fully exert the effect of increasing the yield of phosphate fertilizer and achieve the purpose of scientific fertilizer application.
Autumn sowing more phosphorus crops
For example, in the crops of the leguminous family, there are broad beans, peas, etc., and the rapeseed and radish vegetables in the cruciferous family are sensitive to the phosphate fertilizer reaction and require a large amount. The addition of phosphate fertilizer during autumn sowing can meet the demand for phosphorus in the critical stage of phosphorus demand, and it is very close to promote the relationship between early maturity, high quality and high yield, especially in the soil that causes phosphorus deficiency to become a production limiting factor. In the middle application, the yield can be greatly increased. According to the experiment of the agricultural technology department, the application of phosphate fertilizer in the phosphorus-deficient soil increased the average yield of rapeseed by 44.5 kg, which increased by 23.1 kg compared with the control; the yield of green manure legumes increased by more than 50%. The roots of the phosphorus-producing crops are developed, and the ability to absorb phosphorus is strong. The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer applied in the current season is generally increased by about 10% compared with other crops. Therefore, the application of phosphate fertilizer should be emphasized for the phosphorus-producing crops in order to give full play to the biological fertilizer efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer and promote crop growth.
Autumn crops are mostly dry crops
Under dry farming conditions, the effectiveness of phosphorus is low. After entering the winter, the microbial activity in the soil is weak, the phosphorus capacity is small, the rate is slow, and the strength is low. Moreover, under dry farming conditions, the soil moisture tension is large, the phosphate flow and diffusion force are reduced, the phosphorus displacement is small, and the effectiveness is lower than that of rice under water conditions. 3 times. In addition, some dry crops such as wheat crops are originally poorly responding to phosphorus, while large and wheat require more phosphorus during the regreening and tillering stages. Therefore, the sowing season of wheat crops emphasizes phosphorus application to meet the demand for phosphorus in the critical period. Phosphate fertilizer is applied during the dry seasoning of dry farming, which has a significant effect on root promotion, growth and seedling growth of crops. This is determined by the location of the phosphate fertilizer.
Strong ability to fix phosphorus in dry soil
After the dry land or water is changed to drought, the soil permeability is improved, the pH value is decreased, and the oxidation-reduction potential is increased. The stored phosphorus in the soil is increased, and the effectiveness of phosphorus is greatly reduced. This is mainly due to the formation of insoluble iron phosphate and aluminum in the iron oxide film under dry conditions. Therefore, dryland should give priority to phosphorus application than paddy fields. After re-cultivation of rice, due to the change of soil physical and chemical properties, the aftereffect of phosphate fertilizer accounts for 75%-90% of the applied phosphorus, which is determined by the chemical fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer.
From the point of view of improving the resistance of autumn-sown crops, after the sowing of autumn-sown crops, under the harsh conditions of harsh winter rain and low temperature, the crops are susceptible to drought and freezing, and the application of phosphate fertilizer can improve autumn. The hydration and adhesion of the cell protoplasts during the wintering period of the crops reduce the freezing point, thereby improving the cold tolerance and drought tolerance of the crops, and is conducive to the safe wintering of autumn-sown crops in winter. In addition, the winter green fertilizer for autumn planting emphasizes the application of phosphate fertilizer. Not only the legume green manure itself is a phosphorus-producing crop, but also the application of phosphate fertilizer to enhance the photosynthesis of plants, produce more carbohydrates, promote the luxuriance of stems and leaves, accumulate more substances, and The rhizobium is supplied for growth and reproduction, and its nitrogen fixation is enhanced. Therefore, when sowing green manure, it is emphasized that the application of phosphate fertilizer is not only beneficial to cultivating strong seedlings, but also improving winter cold resistance, laying a solid foundation for green manure growth and increasing fresh grass yield next year. It is often said
The effect of increasing nitrogen by phosphorus.
Therefore, in different rotation systems, although it is not necessary to apply phosphorus to each season crop, it must be considered to be applied to the cornice that can maximize the effect of phosphate fertilizer, and the autumn sowing crop is the best priority for applying phosphate fertilizer throughout the year. In the application method, the phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with various organic fertilizers or ammonium bicarbonate. In the autumn sowing, the acupoint application and the strip application are used as the base fertilizer. The general dosage is about 20-25 kg per mu, and the application depth is 6 -10 cm, can be supplemented with 3-5 kg ​​of phosphate fertilizer plus 1 times of dry fine soil mixed seed application, using the combination of base fertilizer and seed fertilizer, shallow application and deep application, can achieve good fertilization effect.
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