(Source: Florida State University)
According to foreign media reports, the research team of Florida State University and Cornell University research found that batteries can be made from cheap and safe components, and compared with the most advanced lithium-ion batteries now. The efficiency of such batteries is 2 to 3 times higher.
A. Nijamudheen of the FAMU-FSU School of Engineering Postdoctoral Research Institute, together with Cornell University PhD student Snehashis Choudhury, and other faculty members of the two universities, opened a survey to investigate the shortcomings of current battery design and how to improve . Choudhury said: "It is not surprising to see the phenomenon of battery costs rising over time. The widespread adoption of battery technology needs to reduce costs."
To reduce costs, the researchers solved several specific problems related to the electrolyte, which is a key part of the battery structure and can promote the movement of ions from one electrode to another. The research team understood the chemical process of electrolyte degradation on battery electrodes. The researchers not only discovered the mechanism of electrolyte degradation, but also found a variety of solutions. Nijamudheen said: "We found that controlling the ionic properties of the interface (SEI) formed on the negative electrode is the key."
The researchers discovered through quantum computing that the source of battery degradation is the way in which an ingredient called diethylene glycol in the electrolyte polymerizes. Polymerization is a process in which molecules are chemically combined to produce a long-chain molecule called a polymer. In the case of batteries, the electrolyte often breaks up and becomes larger molecules after being in contact with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery for a long time. The researchers said: "Although the degradation process itself is harmless, the substances generated by the degradation will prevent ions from entering the battery electrode, and over time, it will reduce the energy that the battery can store." However, although some of the polymerization Substances will prevent ions from reaching the electrode, but there is evidence that other types of polymers can effectively extend battery life. After conducting the polymerization calculations, the researchers began to study other types of electrolytes that will not affect the performance of the battery during the polymerization process.
Generally speaking, lithium batteries are made of organic carbonate electrolytes, but such electrolytes are highly flammable, so in order to prevent battery thermal runaway and fire risk, it is also necessary to provide expensive, cooling thermal regulation components. Therefore, the researchers tested a non-flammable stable electrolyte-lithium nitrate electrolyte.
Using this electrolyte, researchers began to conduct experiments on solid electrolyte SEI membranes. The SEI membrane is a protective layer formed by the decomposition of the electrolyte, which is usually generated when the battery is first cycled.
The researchers used sacrificial salts or new molecules introduced through the electrolyte to naturally form a new type of SEI film in the battery. In addition, the researchers also introduced a chain transfer agent (a string of molecules) to interact with diethylene glycol to form a shield Layer to protect the negatively charged electrodes from degradation.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the design, the research team conducted a series of experiments on the battery's ability to use, and then recharged the battery. It was found that this type of battery can be cycled about 2000 times, much higher than the 300 to 500 times of traditional lithium-ion batteries. (Author: Yuqiu Yun)
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